Absorbable membrane
When bone graft material is not applied in the oral cavity, it is then held in place by an absorbable membrane until ossification and healing of the wound. Membranes of this nature are fixed with titanium studs and sutures. Without the application of an absorbable membrane, the ossification of bone graft material can be insufficient to withstand implant loading. Due to the absorbable nature of the membrane, a second surgical intervention for removal is not necessary.
Acrylic crown
Reconstruction of a natural crown made of acrylic, used only for temporary fixations.
Alvelolectomy
It is the excision of a portion of the alveolar bone to achieve normal ridge contour, is often done in conjunction with tooth extractions.
Bar supported prosthesis
Removable dental prosthesis anchored on an implant and bar support system. In case of absence of full set of teeth in maxilla or mandible, the bar conjoins a minimum of 4-5 dental implants, which contains intracoronal attachment components interlocking implant supported restorations to removable restorations with minimal extensions, without having the support of a palate supported plate.
Bite correction appliance
An appliance fabricated of either silicon or acrylic materials, for the prevention of damage caused by grinding of the teeth at night, also for treatment of stress related clenching.
Bone grafting
Bone grafting is the replacement or augmentation of the portion of the jaw bone that anchors the teeth. It's a surgical procedure that's often done to reverse the loss or resorption of bone that may have occurred due to tooth loss, trauma, disease or ill-fitting dentures, and to rebuild the bone structure beneath the gums in preparation for the placement of dental implants or other tooth replacements. When bone graft is implanted in the jaw, it doesn't just simply fill a void in the bone; it may also help promote new bone growth in that location. When successful, bone grafting can restore both the height and width of your jaw bone. There are several bone graft options: Autogenous Bone Grafts. Also called autografts, these types of grafts are made from the patient's own bone, taken from elsewhere in the body. Typical sites include the chin, jaw, bone of the lower leg (tibia), hip (iliac crest) or the skull (cranium). Allogeneic Bone. Allogeneic bone, also called allograft, is bone derived from a genetically unrelated member of the same species. This method of bone grafting is not practiced in Hungary. Alloplastic Bone Graft. Alloplastic bone graft materials are most common in use; they consist of either natural or synthetic base substances. Natural in substance, the hydroxyl apatite bio-ceramic is usually extracted from calf bone. The synthetically generated absorbable tricalcium phosphate is the most widely spread material in use. In cases of minimal bone grafting, the GBR technique, or guided bone regeneration technique is applied. GBR is a procedure in which a membrane is placed over the bone graft site. This membrane further encourages new bone to grow and also prevents the growth of scar tissue in the grafted site. This technique can be applied parallel with implantation procedures.
Bone-block transplant
A quantum of bone is surgically taken from the perpendicular section of the lower jaw, and is transplanted to the area targeted for implantation.
Branemark implant
The Nobel Biocare Branemark implant system is the best known implant system in the world today.
Branemark Procera/Zirkon abutment
A type of Branemark abutment fitted on Branemark implants, consisting of a special metal free substance, ideal for aesthetic replacement of front teeth. The transparency of the final fabricated crown is therefore, as close to natural looking teeth as possible.
Branemark screw retained gold abutment
A type of Branemark abutment fitted on Branemark implants, supports final srew retained prosthetic dental work. The ability to easily remove dental work for purposes of corrections and alterations, cleaning of supporting implants, is one of many advantages of srew retained dental prosthetics.
Bridge
Dental prosthesis fixed to teeth adjacent to a space, constructed of the same material as crowns on natural teeth. Replaces one or more missing teeth, cemented or bonded to supporting teeth or implants adjacent to the space.
Build up with post
An anchoring pin or post general in size and shape , that is cemented into the root of the tooth (after a root canal) when the structure of the remaining tooth is not enough to support a crown. A pin or post can be produced in a laboratory, where the dental technician shapes the post and its core to best suit the given case.
Calculus removal (scaling and polishing)
In the course of calculus removal, deposited and solidified dental plaque, discolorations and tartar are removed from the surface of teeth with ultrasound, whilst cooling and rinsing with water. The amount of calculus varies individually, therefore it is recommended to repeat treatment every six months, concurring with the otherwise advised dental check-up appointment.
Calculus
Calcification of dental plaque that can occur above and below the gum line, on natural and prosthetic dental work alike. Calculus should be removed by a dental hygienist periodically.
Camlog Procera /Zirkonium abutment
A type of Camlog abutment fitted on Camlog implants, consisting of a special metal free substance, ideal for aesthetic replacement of front teeth. The transparency of the final fabricated crown is therefore, as close to natural looking teeth as possible.
Camlog screw retained abutment
A type of Camlog abutment fitted on Camlog implants, supports final srew retained prosthetic dental work. The ability to easily remove dental work for purposes of corrections and alterations, cleaning of supporting implants, is one of many advantages of srew retained dental prosthetics.
Camlog standard abutment
A type of Camlog abutment fitted on Camlog implants, supports the cemented, final crown.
Canine teeth
There are four canine teeth: two in the upper jaw and two in the lower jaw. A canine is placed laterally to each lateral incisor. They are larger and stronger than the incisors, and their roots extend deeper into the bone. According to the international two-digit numbering system, canines are starting from upper right moving clockwise: 13, 23, 33, and 43.
Caries
Caries is a common term for tooth decay, decomposition of tooth structure.
Cast post and core
Produced in a dental laboratory, the cast post and core is applied in cases of root canal treated teeth without proper structure to support a crown. The laboratory casts the post and its core according to a precision impression taken by the dentist.
Cataflam
Cataflam is a diclofenac, generally prescribed following surgical interventions to relieve pain and discomfort.
Circumcisio
The excision of gingiva covering erupting wisdom teeth.
Closing of the sinus
With the extraction of certain teeth of the upper jaw (premolars, molars) the sinus cavity can suffer punctures. A puncture can connect both nasal and oral cavities, therefore air and can pass through the oral cavity at the attempt of blowing one's nose, fluids contained in the oral cavity can easily pass through the nasal cavities resulting in the possibility of infection. A puncture of the sinus must be closed within least amount of time passage possible. This operative procedure is referred to as 'closing of the sinus'.
Control examination
Follow-up evaluation of dental or surgical intervention.
Crown (anatomical)
The term 'anatomical crown 'refers to the upper, enamel-covered part of a tooth.
Crown (clinical)
The term 'clinical crown' refers to the portion of a tooth exposed beyond the gingiva.
Crown or cap
A crown or cap is a restoration covering or replacing the major part, or the whole of the clinical crown of a tooth. Crowns, after final fixing, cannot be removed without suffering substancial damage. Crowns are indirect forms of restoration, they are produced outside the oral cavity in a dental laboratory in several technical steps according to the imprint taken by your dentist after preparation work has been completed. Crowns are fixed to natural teeth with dental cement.
Crown/bridge removal
The removal of cemented crowns and bridges, resulting in permanent damage to the restorations.
CT scan (Computed Tomography)
Computed Tomography is a branch of radiologic diagnostics. Tomography means imaging by sections. On tomograms, the scanned object of examination is split into imaginary slices. The orthopantomogram or panoramic X-ray taken at our clinic gives a two-dimensional view of teeth and vertical bone height. Dental implant placement planning may require a three-dimensional evaluation of vertical height and horizontal width of bone structure, which is possible with computed tomography examination. CT scan results are sent back to the Implantcenter from a radiology center, and after careful evaluation an accurate plan for dental implantation or bone replacement surgery is assessed. (Cone Beam CT, CBCT Fekete Sas u. és Mária utca 52.)
Cyst
A pathologic epithelium-lined cavity, usually containing fluid ( water, blood, excretion, digestive fluid) gas, or semisolid.
Cystectomia
The surgical removal of a cyst.
Dalacin C
Dalacin is an antibiotic targeted to kill certain species of bacteria. Dalacin is most commonly used to treat respitory infections of bacterial nature such as; pneumonia, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pulmonary abscess, bronchitis, otitis. It is also effective in the treatment of some gynaecological infections, dental infections and infections of the bone.
Deciduous teeth
The first set of teeth that humans and most mammal, develop in the oral cavity, lasting until the permanent teeth come in. Also referred to as deciduous teeth or baby teeth. Deciduous teeth have an important role in speech and correct occlusional developement. In humans there are 20 deciduous teeth, errupting approximately 6 months after birth.
Dental and surgical consultation
A 30 minute session with a dentist or oral surgeon for evaluation of a patient's dental status. The consultation consists of diagnostic procedures, such as the evaluation of a panoramic radiograph image (panoramic x-ray image) taken at the time of the consultation, recording of the patient's dental and medical history , the evaluation and recording of dental cavities, missing or deteriorated teeth, restorations, periodontal conditions. According to your dentist or surgeon's expertise, a quotation is prepared including information on the possibilities and stages of restorative dental work, duration of healing periods between procedures,financial obligation, guarantee terms and conditions. Copies of panoramic radiograph images are available for patients upon request. An up-to-date panoramic radiograph image is essential for surgical consult regarding restorations involving dental implants. The x-ray image is sufficient in most cases to determine vertical bone height, bone width is observed with a physical examination and occasionally with the assistance of a diagnostic CT scan.
Dental implant
A dental implant is an artificial replacement of a root that supports fabricated dental crowns and bridgework. Implants are placed in the original place of missing teeth, which after healing and completion of prosthetic dental work, fully resemble function of natural teeth. Prosthetic restorations on implants are very natural, and resemble natural aesthetic and functional characteristics. Rehabilitation of missing teeth highly improves quality of life, speech and aesthetic appearance. At our clinic, we apply three types of implant systems of the at most quality, prices vary depending on brand and guarantee terms of manufacturer. The three types of systems are ; PittEasy, Camlog, and Nobel Biocare Branemark implant systems.
Dentine
Dentine is calcified tissue of the body, 70% consisting of mineral substances, 20% organic matter and 10% water. Dentine surrounds the pulp of the tooth completely, and its exterior is covered by enamel and cementum. Dentine is not as firm as enamel, however, to its advantage, its flexibility is much greater. Caries destructs dentine easier due to its higher organic matter content.
Diclofenac
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation. Diclofenac eases pain relating from inflammation of motor diseases, reduces swelling and fever, and improves motility.
Enamel
Hard calcified tissue covering dentin of the crown of the tooth. Enamel is the hardest tissue of human system with the most minerals. Generally, only the enamel is shown above the gumline, unless it is too much worn out then dentin is shown too. Enamel is a 96% inorganic material.
Excochleation
Single or multiple scraping and of extraction cavity, cleaning of the alveoli or tooth socket.
Exposing of dental implant
The circular excision of gingiva covering the implant after the healing period, for purposes of final abutment fitting.
Extraction
The removal of teeth from the oral cavity. The most common indication for this procedure is acute decay of teeth. Others include gum disease, impacted teeth (teeth continue to form within bone but fail to erupt into the oral cavity), and orthodontic treatment. An extraction is not considered a surgical intervention, and is performed using local anaesthetics. Surgical extraction is necessary, when a tooth cannot be extracted using conservative methods.
FDI World Dental Federation Two-Digit Notation (international)
The international tooth numbering system. Consisting of four quadrants, two-digit numbering starting from 11-48 for adult teeth, and 51-85 for deciduous teeth. Canines starting from upper right clockwise are: 13, 23, 33, and 43. 18, 28, 38, and 48 being the wisdom teeth in adults.
Filling
Restoration of decayed or damaged teeth with the application of filling material (composite filling) into decayed areas, to restore aesthetic and functional purposes. In cases of significant amount of decay and absences, fillings cannot restore structure of teeth; hence dental prosthetic solutions are applied.
Focal infection/plexus
A focal infection is a local infection that causes infection or symptoms in other parts of the body. Dental infections can be linked to conditions of the circulatory, skeletal, and nervous systems, and can be caused by the spreading of microorganisms from infected teeth, teeth roots and gum tissue. During a dental or surgical examination with the assistance of panoramic radiograph images, focal infections can be detected, localized and treated.
Frenotomy
The cutting of the fraenulum, the soft tissue attaching the tongue to the floor of the mouth under local anaesthetics. This small intervention can be in the interest of speech development in some children.
Front-bridge
Teeth positioned in the frontal area are visible, and are significant in the overall aesthetic appearance. Teeth with even shape and nice colour, are crucial conditions for an overall beautiful smile.
Full prosthesis (denture)
Fabricated reconstruction of a full set of missing teeth.
General anaesthesia
General anaesthesia is considered for certain surgical procedures such as complicated wisdom tooth extractions, bone graft surgery, sinus elevation and implant surgery. This method of sedation is usually the request of patients facing complicated and surgical intervention. One has to be of good general health to be a candidate, sedative drugs are administered intravenously, continues with artificial respiration and close monitoring of vital functions.
Gingiva
Gingiva, or gums, is the layer of soft tissue lining the mouth surrounding and sealing teeth.
Gingivectomy
The surgical removal of gum tissue.
Healing period
Following dental or surgical intervention, a period of healing in some cases is necessary prior to taking further steps of proposed treatment. (eg; bone grafting, dental implant placement, extractions)
Healing screw
Between the exposing of the dental implant and final crown fitting, healing screws are fitted to insure aesthetic healing of the gums.
Hip-bone transplant
In some cases, the quality or quantity of bone at the site for implantation purposes proves to be inadequate for efficient support of dental implants, and absence of bone cannot be replaced by simple bone graft surgery, bone is then reinstated from the patient's hip to area of absence. For this surgical intervention, a two day stay at a hospital is required; the operation takes place under sedation.
Histology
A sample of tissue sent to a laboratory for microscopic evaluation, to rule out any abnormalities of structure.
Immediate loading
Immediate loading can be applied in the case of sufficient bone quantity and quality, and when a dental implant can be placed with a force of 35 Ncm. Following implantation procedure, the implant is loaded with a temporary crown, which can withstand force applied during chewing process. Following a 3 month healing period, the final crown is then fitted onto the implant with screws or dental cement.
Impacted tooth
Impacted teeth are teeth that fail to erupt fully or properly through the gums. Wisdom teeth tend to erupt only partially or not at all due to a lack of sufficient space. Because of their position, efficient cleaning of teeth is not in all cases possible; therefore infections can cause periodic pain of the ears, gums and facial swelling. Due to recurring discomfort relating to wisdom teeth, surgical extraction is therefore advised.
Incisio-drainage
Surgical incision of an abscess to drain suppuration.
Incisor teeth
The central and lateral incisors are the first and second teeth from the center of the mouth to the back of the mouth. According to to the international two-digit numbering system, incisors are starting upper right, moving clockwise: 12, 11, 21, 22, 32, 31, 41, and 42.
Inlay/Onlay
Cast filling produced in a dental technical laboratory. Inlays and onlays are made either of porcelain-, acrylic-, or precious metal substances, and are cemented into or onto the prepared cavity or decayed area by your dentist. Inlays and onlays are recommended when decayed areas and absences are of significant measures.
Internal sinus lift
In the area of the maxilla, above the molar region a part of the sinus cavity is arched over the molar teeth. In certain cases only a very thin layer of bone, only a few millimetres in width separates the roots of teeth found in the maxilla and the floor of the sinus cavity. Individual width measurements can range from a few millimetres to about one and one half of a centimetre. Should the situation arise for the extraction of molar teeth, with passing of time, the width of bone decreases between the sinus cavity and the formed membrane surface at the extraction site. This breakdown or absorption of the bone is due to absence of general function, chewing and grinding up food. With the more time elapsing following extractions of molar teeth, the thinner the bone of the sinus cavity will become. In more fortunate cases, given that the general volume of bone was adequate in width, with no evidence of breakdown of bone due to osteoporosis, the remaining bone volume might be suitable for dental implant placement. In less fortunate cases, the remaining bone volume is not adequate to hold even the shortest and smallest size of dental implants, the elevation of the sinus becomes necessary to expand bone volume to hold dental implants securely withstanding pressure applied. According to bone volume and quality, implant placement surgery can take place simultaneously with sinus lift procedures, or six months after sinus elevation and ossification of bone. During a sinus elevation procedure, osteotomy is performed on the lateral maxillary wall, the sinus membrane is elevated and the space then is filled with bone graft material. Dental implants are placed in area of elevation, implants heal with bone material ossificating with its environment. Sequential to healing, the utilization of dental implants is identical to implants placed without sinus lift elevation intervention.
Intracoronal attachments (sliding attachments)
Non-visible buckle, sleeve, or clip attachments linking removable restorations to adjacent teeth.
Lidocaine
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic commonly applied in dentistry, as well as preventing and treating rhythmic disturbances of ventricular origin.
Lingual fraenulum
The lingual fraenulum attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth and has a restraining function.
Lower implant supported bridge
A complete arch of implant supported dental bridge restoration supported only by dental implants. Dental restorations involving full arch implant supported work require a minimum of 8 implant placement in the lower jaw, four implants to the front and two on each lateral side, just above the mental nerve exits. After examination of osseointergration with the assistance of a panoramic X-ray image taken 3 months following implantation surgery, abutments and final crowns are fitted. Implant supported bridges are both functional and aesthetic dental prosthetic restorations.
Lower, bar supported prosthesis
For a long term removable bar supported prosthesis of the mandible, the optimal and minimal number of implants required to securely support the stability of the prosthesis, is four. Four implants insure the stability and durability of the prosthesis during biting and chewing alike. The cast metal bar produced in the dental laboratory is anchored onto the implants three months after implantation surgery.
Metal bar
Base for a partial removable restoration, a foundation for artificial teeth and attachment components.
Metal crown
Fabricated reconstruction of a natural crown made completely of metal, but because of non-aesthetic appearance, it is no longer applied.
Molar teeth
Teeth posterior to the premolars on either side of the jaw, they are for grinding. having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. According to the international two-digit numbering system, molars are starting from upper right, moving clockwise: 17, 16, 26, 27, 37, 36, 46, and 47.
Mucous membrane
A protective layer of tissue lining various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment, such as nostrils and internal organs. Its structure is similar to the structure of the skin; it is thinner and not covered by a keratine layer.
Nobel Biocare Replace Dental Implant
Under certain circumstances, placement of a dental implant is possible following extraction of natural teeth. The Nobel Biocare Replace dental implants are ideal for this type of procedure.
Non-absorbable membrane
Non-absorbable membranes are rarely applied in surgical interventions due to frequent occurrence of infections and a follow up surgery to remove the membrane.
Occlusal equilibration
Reshaping and recontouring of teeth within bite and grind positions, to achieve well adjusted contact points for a minimally stressed bite.
Oral hygiene
Oral hygiene consists of regular brushing of teeth, proper flossing, rinsing with antiseptic mouthwash and a visit to the dentist at least once every year for an evaluation and a scaling and polishing session.
Oral surgery
Intervention generally performed by an oral surgeon or by a qualified dental surgeon under local or general anaesthesia, and includes procedures like simple extractions, soft tissue excision, wisdom teeth extractions, dental implantation, bone grafting, maxillofacial corrections, maxillofacial defect corrections, malocclusion correction, and metastasis of the neck, malformations of the palatal bone such as palatoschisis and treatment of oral cancers.
Panoramic X-ray (radiograph)
An extraoral radiograph taken on site at our clinic at the time of consultation, on which the maxilla and mandible (upper and lower jaw) are visible.
Periodontal surgery
Periodontal surgery is necessary in case of periodontal disease untreatable without surgical intervention. With the incision of the gums, calculus and infected tissue are removed from the exterior of the root and surrounding gingival area. In occurrence of bone loss in inflamed areas, bone grafting and membranes can be applied to replace missing bone caused by acute periodontal disease, and restore stability of teeth affected.
Pit or groove sealing
Following a thorough cleaning, a composite filling material is applied to pits or grooves of molar teeth to prevent decay.
Premolar teeth
These are the back teeth following the canines that are used for chewing, they only have two points. According to the international two-digit numbering system, premolars are starting upper right, moving clockwise: 15, 14, 24, 25, 35, 34, 44, and 45.
Procera crown
Fabricated reconstruction of a natural crown consisting of porcelain with a base of zirconium-, or rather aluminium oxide. The base therefore is white in colour, having a natural aesthetic characteristic. The transparency of Procera AllCeram work is close to the transparency of natural teeth, therefore making it almost impossible to differentiate between artificial and natural teeth. Procera crowns have the at most precise and aesthetic affect. Procera crowns are produced with modernized computer scan technology, making it the most precise technique available for dental restorations.
Quotation/treatment plan
A complete dental treatment plan including stages of treatment involved, healing periods between certain stages of treatment, combination of treatment options, financial obligation and general conditions proposed at the time of the initial consultation.
Radix extraction/removal of root
Removal of the radix, ( root of the tooth) from the oral cavity without surgical excavation.
Relaxant pill (Dormicum)
Dormicum is a relaxant used to relieve anxiety before surgery, and must only be given under medical supervision. The pill must be taken 30 minutes prior to surgery for the proper effectiveness of the relaxant. Following surgery the patient must stay in the waiting area of the clinic until the effect wears off, and is allowed to leave the premises only with the permission of a dentist or oral surgeon.
Relining
Restoration of denture base to compensate for changes of the bone and bone loss. Relining can be a simple procedure done chair-side and in the dental laboratory.
Resection (apicectomy)
A root apex amputation or resection is a surgical/endodontic procedure where inflamed tissue surrounding the root apex is removed. In the course of a resection, a part of the root apex is amputated due to bacterial toxins present likely to reignite inflammation. A resection is applied in case of failure of conservative root canal treatment therapy. Using localized anaesthetics inflamed tissue is removed through a small ?window? cut through the jawbone, and the root of the tooth is filled with a sealant material. Root apex resection is performed as a last resort due to its success rate of only 60%. Contrarily, success rate of proper root canal treatment therapies is 95%. Primarily root apex resection is performed on front teeth and premolar teeth, due to visibility of the root, molars especially wisdom teeth are excluded from this surgical intervention. The necessity of this type of intervention is determined by the evaluation of the length and shape of a root, the extent of inflammation, and the status of the periodontium. A resection can be performed only if two thirds of the root is contained by
unharmed tissue.
Root apex resection surgery is necessary when:
– conservative root canal therapy is not possible, due to crooked uneven or narrow canals,impassable canals (denticulus), post supported piece cemented into the root,fractured endodontic needle, presence of a false canal from previous treatment (viae falsae), fracture of the jawbone, if fracture runs through root apex, in case of a focal infection due to lower level of bacterial scatter.
Root apex resection is not recommended when:
– more than one third of the root is intercepted by periapical process, therefore tooth has to be extracted if the crown of the tooth has deteriorated in structure, leaving out the possibility of prosthetic solutions, chronic gingivitis where embedding is no longer securely possible.
– general medical conditions; haemophilia, vascular disease, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, liver disease, hyperthyroidism.
Surgery is performed during rest phase of inflammation, when risk of bacterial spreading is low. For the prevention of bacterial over infection, tooth cavities and other inflamed areas of the oral cavity are treated primarily. Dilation of root canals precedes surgical intervention reducing surgery time. If the canals can be dehydrated, filling of the root canals is also executable. To ease mild pain and swelling following surgery, application of a cold compress is recommended for two or three days. Rinsing with disinfecting mouthwash and keeping a special diet of soft foods is also advised. Complete healing and regeneration of area of surgical procedure usually takes a time period of six to twelve months.
Retrograde root filling
Bacteria present in the roots of mortified teeth cause inflammation of the bone around the apex of the root. An adequate, condensed root canal filling can insure the conservation of a tooth with proper bacteria free canals. In some cases, a proper root canal treatment and filling is not fully possible through the coronal part of the tooth to the apex of the root due to crooked or curved canals, post and core permanently fitted and permanent ill-fitted root canal fillings. Following a periapical curettage (removal of inflamed area of bone from the root apex area), and a root apex resection, a retrograde root filling through the apex of the root is performed. As a last resort, retrograde root filling procedures serve to conserve teeth and to eliminate inflammation.
Root (Radix)
The anatomic portion of the tooth that is covered by cementum and is located in the alveolus (socket) where it is attached by the periodontal apparatus; radicular portion of tooth. In the center of the root are the extensions of the pulp holding the nerves of the tooth, surrounded by dentine and cementum. Incisors generally have one, premolars and molars can range from one to three or even four roots.
Root canal treatment
The process of treating disease or inflammation of the pulp or root canal. This involves removing the pulp and root's nerve and filling the canal with an appropriate material to permanently seal it. Root canal tretment is necessary when the pulp sufferes immflammation, due to penetration of bacteria of acutely decayed teeth.
Root canal treatment
The process of treating disease or inflammation of the pulp or root canal. This involves removing the pulp and root's nerve and filling the canal with an appropriate material to permanently seal it. Root canal tretment is necessary when the pulp sufferes immflammation, due to penetration of bacteria of acutely decayed teeth.
Shortened arc
Teeth missing from the molar region of an arch. Prosthetic solutions and restorations to replace missing molars are possible with the placement of dental implants.
Sinus maxillaries
A conjugate set of cavities situated adjacent to nasal cavity, underneath the eye socket separated by a thin layer of bone, therefore diseases of the sinus can easily spread to the socket. Teeth of the upper jaw can penetrate the sinus cavity, also leading to inflammation related diseases of the sinus.
Surgical removal of root
The removal of a root from the oral cavity with surgical excavation. Surgical extractions are necessary when punctuation of the sinus cavity is at risk, the root of the tooth is too short and tender or overly crooked and uneven to be extracted normally. During this surgical intervention, bone tissue surrounding the root is removed with a surgical drill exposing the root of the tooth, making it therefore, extractable.
Teeth for acrylic plate
Pre-fabricated artificial teeth.
Temporary crown
Fabricated reconstruction of natural crown made of acrylic, applied only for short-term temporary solutions. Long term temporary work can consist of metal interior surrounded by acrylic, differing in price, long term temporary work is more durable but is not meant for final solutions.
Temporary crown
Fabricated reconstruction of natural crown made of acrylic, applied only for short-term temporary solutions. Long term temporary work can consist of metal interior surrounded by acrylic, differing in price, long term temporary work is more durable but is not meant for final solutions.
Temporary filling
A temporary or provisional filling, applied in screw retained implant supported bridge cases; medicated temporary fillings provide a palliative to inflamed root nerves during the process of root canal treatments. Provisional fillings are easily removable for continuous therapy and convenient adjustments.
Temporary prosthesis
Fabricated reconstruction of set of teeth, applied after extractions temporarily for duration of healing period.
Tooth
In Latin, 'dens' or 'dentis', the tooth is a hard bonelike organ, used for biting, chewing and tearing. The main function of teeth is grasping and grinding of food. For humans, teeth have an important role in the formation of sounds, aesthetic appearance, and in some animals they serve as armour. The function of different teeth evolved with the evolution of species, adapting to environmental changes. For example, herbivores have more molar teeth to better grind up plants harder to digest, whereas carnivores have well developed canines for grasping prey. The colour of teeth can range from light yellow to greyish white. With time, teeth can become darker and stained in colour, due to the predominating colour of dentine, caused by the abrasion of enamel. In the human body, two sets of teeth develop. The first, the so called deciduous teeth or 'milk teeth' erupt 6 months after birth, permanent teeth develop following age six. Humans have 20 deciduous teeth and 32 permanent teeth. Certain species develop only one set of teeth, others, like some species of sharks, teeth regenerate continuously within their lifespan.
Ultracain
A local anaesthetic applied in dentistry, containing articaine, epinephrine and adrenalin. Epinephrin contracts blood vessels at the injection site leading to absence of blood, and extends the effect of the local anaesthetic. Ultracain is an ideal anaesthetic for surgeries of the bone, membrane, bone grafting, cystectomies, preparation of sensitive overly decayed teeth, complicated extractions and extensive surgical intervention.
Upper implant and bar supported prosthesis
An implant and bar supported prosthesis is a denture, supported by dental implants. Ideal for patients who have lost all of their teeth and have been wearing dentures for an extensive period. Due to the loss of teeth the maxillary arch recedes with time, the upper lip and nasal creases deepen causing an 'old looking' effect. The fitting of regular palate supported dentures with recession may become a problem for patients wearing dentures for longer periods of time. Upper implant supported prosthesis restorations require placement of 6 dental implants, to achieve a long term success. The advantages of implant supported dentures are; a) Securely fixed dentures allow the patient to speak and chew normally, due to the secure grip of the clips of the metal housing. b) Reduced area of palatal plate, providing better comfort and intense sensory functions. With acrylic gum restoration a) Restoration of lost bone elevation, lifting the upper lip line to allow for a smoother, younger look. b) The ideal length and shape of teeth can be selected for aesthetic purposes.
Veneer
A measurement of 0,5-1 mm is removed from the surface of teeth, and according to a precise imprint taken, a thin layer of porcelain is produced by the laboratory. It is then bonded to natural teeth to straighten them, replace lost tooth structure, close spaces, or alter aesthetic characteristics.
Vestibuloplasty
A surgical procedure to restore alveolar ridge height, also referred to as 'correction of the gums'. This intervention plays an important role of implantation precision, creating an inflammation-free environment with precise gum alignment at the base of implants.
Wax up
A three dimensional 'blueprint' providing a visual aid for the patient, expressing the planned characteristics of final dental restoration.
Whitening or bleaching (at home)
A whitening agent is applied to teeth overnight using a splint cast from the imprint of upper and lower set of teeth. With daily application it takes two weeks to achieve best possible results.
Wisdom teeth
Wisdom teeth are the last molars in each quadrant, and usually erupt between the ages of 17 - 21, but can be postponed until the age of 30. Impacted or improperly developed wisdom teeth can be cause of concern, especially in orthodontics. Because of their position, efficient cleaning of teeth is not in all cases possible; therefore infections can cause periodic pain of the ears, gums and facial swelling. Due to recurring discomfort relating to wisdom teeth, surgical extraction is therefore advised.